When you ping a server, the delay is the sum of multiple segments.

1. The Last Mile (0-10ms)

Connection from your modem to the ISP's local exchange. Fiber should be < 2ms. DSL can be 10-20ms.

2. The Middle Mile (ISP Core)

Traffic moves through your ISP's internal network to an Internet Exchange Point (IXP). Congestion here is common during peak hours.

3. The Backbone (Tier 1)

Long-haul fiber across oceans. Speed of light limits apply. NY to London is physically limited to ~60-70ms RTT.