Deep dives into the protocols that power the internet.
You have a 1Gbps line, but downloading from a server in Japan is slow. The culprit is TCP Window Scaling and the Bandwidth-Delay Product (BDP).
Using a VPN doesn't guarantee 100% privacy. Learn how the WebRTC protocol can leak your real local and public IP address to websites.
Ever wondered what happens between your click and the server response? Learn how traceroute uses TTL to map the internet's physical path.
IPv6 was supposed to replace IPv4 decades ago. Explore the economics of the IPv4 market and why the transition is taking so long.
Rubberbanding in CS:GO? Teleporting in Valorant? It might not be lag. Learn the difference between Packet Loss, Choke, and Jitter.
Why is 1.1.1.1 so fast? It is not magic; it is Anycast. We explain how BGP announces the same IP address from 300 locations simultaneously.