Technical Blog

Deep dives into the protocols that power the internet.

TCP Fast Open (TFO): Zero-RTT Handshakes

The standard 3-way handshake takes time. TCP Fast Open allows data to be sent inside the SYN packet itself. Why is it not enabled by default?

Peering Wars: Why Twitch Lags on High-Speed Fiber

You have 1Gbps fiber, but Twitch buffers at 1080p. The problem is usually a "Peering Dispute" between your ISP and the content provider.

The Death of User-Agent: Introduction to Client Hints (CH)

Chrome is killing the User-Agent string to stop fingerprinting. Developers need to migrate to the User-Agent Client Hints API immediately.

GPON vs. XGS-PON: Why Your Fiber is Actually Shared

Think your fiber connection is dedicated? Wrong. You are sharing a single glass strand with 32 or 64 neighbors. We explain Time Division Multiplexing (TDM).

HTTP/3 and QUIC: Why the Web is Moving to UDP

TCP has ruled the web for 40 years. Now, HTTP/3 replaces it with QUIC over UDP. No more Head-of-Line Blocking.

TCP Congestion Control: CUBIC vs. Google BBR

Linux default TCP CUBIC is old. Google BBR ignores packet loss and focuses on the pipe size. Here is why you should enable BBR on your servers.